中國(guo)環境報訊 環境保護部、國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革委(wei)、財(cai)政部近日(ri)聯合印發(fa)《國(guo)家(jia)環境監管(guan)能(neng)力(li)建(jian)設“十二五”規劃(hua)》（以下簡稱《規劃(hua)》），以總(zong)量減排、質(zhi)量改(gai)善、風險防范、基(ji)礎(chu)完善為著(zhu)力(li)點，在環境監測、監察、預警(jing)、應急(ji)、信息、評(ping)估、統(tong)計(ji)、科技、宣教(jiao)等領域開展(zhan)能(neng)力(li)建(jian)設，切實加(jia)強環境監管(guan)能(neng)力(li)。
《規劃》提(ti)(ti)出，環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)管是環(huan)境(jing)管理的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組成部分(fen)，是實現環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)目標的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)保障，是推進環(huan)境(jing)基本(ben)公共服(fu)務均等化的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容(rong)。圍繞環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)“總量減排(pai)、質量改善、風險防范、均衡發展”目標要(yao)求，在污染源與(yu)總量減排(pai)監(jian)管能(neng)力(li)全(quan)面提(ti)(ti)高、環(huan)境(jing)質量監(jian)測與(yu)評估考核(he)能(neng)力(li)顯著(zhu)提(ti)(ti)升、環(huan)境(jing)預警(jing)與(yu)應急(ji)能(neng)力(li)系統加強、環(huan)境(jing)綜合監(jian)督管理基礎設(she)施(shi)基本(ben)完善等4個(ge)方面提(ti)(ti)出環(huan)境(jing)監(jian)管能(neng)力(li)建設(she)的(de)(de)目標。
《規(gui)劃》明(ming)確，到2015年，全(quan)國(guo)縣級(ji)(ji)環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機構(gou)裝(zhuang)備達(da)(da)(da)標率達(da)(da)(da)到85%，地(di)市(shi)級(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到90%，省級(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到95%。機動車、污(wu)染源監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)、科技支撐和統計能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)顯著(zhu)增強。全(quan)國(guo)縣級(ji)(ji)環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)(jian)測站基本(ben)設(she)(she)備配置(zhi)達(da)(da)(da)標率達(da)(da)(da)到90%，地(di)市(shi)級(ji)(ji)站基本(ben)實現標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)，省級(ji)(ji)站全(quan)部達(da)(da)(da)標。中(zhong)央本(ben)級(ji)(ji)環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)(jian)測能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)顯著(zhu)加強。重金屬(shu)、危(wei)險廢物、危(wei)險化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)、放射(she)性物質等污(wu)染事件防范水平顯著(zhu)提高。地(di)市(shi)級(ji)(ji)環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)(jian)測站具備較強的(de)應(ying)急(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，省級(ji)(ji)站基本(ben)具備預警監(jian)(jian)(jian)測能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。地(di)市(shi)級(ji)(ji)環(huan)境應(ying)急(ji)管(guan)理機構(gou)二級(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)標率達(da)(da)(da)70%以上(shang)(shang)，省級(ji)(ji)機構(gou)二級(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)(da)標率達(da)(da)(da)到100%。國(guo)家(jia)、省級(ji)(ji)輻(fu)射(she)環(huan)境監(jian)(jian)(jian)測能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)達(da)(da)(da)到標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)要求，初步(bu)具備相對獨立、較為完整的(de)安(an)全(quan)分析評價、校核(he)計算和實驗驗證能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，核(he)與輻(fu)射(she)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)與核(he)事業發展同步(bu)提高。建(jian)成一批市(shi)、縣環(huan)保監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)業務用(yong)房(fang)。建(jian)設(she)(she)國(guo)家(jia)環(huan)境規(gui)劃與工程評估、華北(bei)環(huan)保督(du)查中(zhong)心綜合業務用(yong)房(fang)與國(guo)家(jia)核(he)與輻(fu)射(she)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)技術研(yan)發基地(di)，基本(ben)建(jian)成6個(ge)區域性核(he)與輻(fu)射(she)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)站業務用(yong)房(fang)。地(di)市(shi)以上(shang)(shang)環(huan)境信息(xi)與宣教機構(gou)設(she)(she)備配置(zhi)達(da)(da)(da)到標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)要求。
《規劃》要求，一是提升污染源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)減(jian)排監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管水平。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)現(xian)(xian)場執(zhi)法(fa)裝備(bei)配(pei)置(zhi)，落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察執(zhi)法(fa)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)與(yu)驗收(shou)工(gong)作；完善污染源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)動(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)網(wang)(wang)絡，落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong)心與(yu)重點行業(ye)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)；強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)污染源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)性(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)與(yu)數據質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制，促(cu)進自(zi)動(dong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)數據應(ying)用(yong)；啟動(dong)機動(dong)車與(yu)農業(ye)面源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)，拓(tuo)展污染源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管領域；加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)統計(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)，提升環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)統計(ji)對總(zong)量(liang)(liang)減(jian)排等重點工(gong)作支撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)；夯(hang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信息(xi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)基礎(chu)，推進物聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)在污染減(jian)排中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。二(er)是提高環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)與(yu)評估考(kao)核(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。填(tian)平補齊，繼續推進環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)標準化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)；提高空氣、揮發性(xing)有機物、重金(jin)屬(shu)等新(xin)增指標的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)；優化(hua)(hua)(hua)完善國家環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)網(wang)(wang)；利用(yong)衛(wei)星遙感和地面監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)手段，開(kai)展生態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)評價(jia)；完善環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)考(kao)核(he)(he)體(ti)系(xi)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)考(kao)核(he)(he)。三是加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)預(yu)警(jing)與(yu)應(ying)急能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)。提升環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風(feng)險(xian)管理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)；加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)核(he)(he)與(yu)輻射(she)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)，形成相對獨(du)立、較為(wei)完整的(de)(de)核(he)(he)與(yu)輻射(she)安(an)全(quan)(quan)分析(xi)評價(jia)、校核(he)(he)計(ji)算和實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗驗證(zheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)；提高重金(jin)屬(shu)、危險(xian)廢物及危險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品風(feng)險(xian)防范(fan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)對危險(xian)廢物和危險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品等處置(zhi)、運(yun)輸和轉移的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)面監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管；建(jian)設(she)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)預(yu)警(jing)網(wang)(wang)絡，建(jian)立環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)急指揮系(xi)統和平臺(tai)網(wang)(wang)絡，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)急響(xiang)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)和應(ying)急技(ji)術支撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。四是夯(hang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)綜合(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管理(li)基礎(chu)，推進環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)綜合(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管理(li)基礎(chu)體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)設(she)。
《規(gui)(gui)劃》指出，結合四大(da)領域任務，實(shi)施基(ji)(ji)礎、保障、人才等三(san)大(da)工(gong)(gong)程，規(gui)(gui)劃總投資400億(yi)元。基(ji)(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)程包括環境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)、監(jian)(jian)察(cha)、應(ying)急(ji)、信息(xi)、評(ping)估、宣(xuan)教等能(neng)力(li)建(jian)設和(he)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)建(jian)設、新增主要污染物監(jian)(jian)管能(neng)力(li)建(jian)設等10項(xiang)。保障工(gong)(gong)程包括污染源與總量(liang)減排監(jian)(jian)管運(yun)行保障、環境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)與評(ping)估運(yun)行保障等4項(xiang)。人才工(gong)(gong)程包括環境監(jian)(jian)測(ce)、監(jian)(jian)察(cha)、應(ying)急(ji)、信息(xi)、評(ping)估、宣(xuan)教等8項(xiang)。全面提升環境監(jian)(jian)管能(neng)力(li)，為實(shi)現(xian)“十二五”環境保護目(mu)標(biao)(biao)、建(jian)設生(sheng)態文明(ming)提供有力(li)保障。
為確保(bao)(bao)順利實(shi)(shi)施，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》要求(qiu)，切實(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)組(zu)織領導(dao)，全面推進(jin)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)施。統籌(chou)國家與(yu)地方環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、各專項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》的(de)銜(xian)接(jie)、配套，建(jian)立并完善項(xiang)目(mu)庫(ku)，提(ti)高項(xiang)目(mu)儲備能力(li)(li)。明(ming)確中央與(yu)地方事權劃(hua)(hua)分，將環(huan)境監(jian)管能力(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)和運行(xing)費用(yong)納入各級財政預算(suan)予以(yi)重點保(bao)(bao)障，確保(bao)(bao)資(zi)金到(dao)位。加強(qiang)項(xiang)目(mu)資(zi)金監(jian)管，實(shi)(shi)施項(xiang)目(mu)績效(xiao)評估，提(ti)高資(zi)金使用(yong)效(xiao)益。加強(qiang)環(huan)境監(jian)管人(ren)才(cai)隊伍(wu)建(jian)設(she)，實(shi)(shi)施人(ren)才(cai)體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新，提(ti)升(sheng)人(ren)才(cai)發展的(de)基礎保(bao)(bao)障能力(li)(li)。建(jian)立健全規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)施定期通報和評估制(zhi)(zhi)度，適時(shi)對規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)執行(xing)情況進(jin)行(xing)期末評估。
來源：中國環境報